2023 Malaysian APMO Camp Selection Test

February 18, 2023

1

For which $n\ge 3$ does there exist positive integers $a_1<a_2<\cdots <a_n$, such that: $$a_n=a_1+...+a_{n-1}, \hspace{0.5cm} \frac{1}{a_1}=\frac{1}{a_2}+...+\frac{1}{a_n}$$are both true? Proposed by Ivan Chan Kai Chin

2

Ivan is playing Lego with $4n^2$ $1 \times 2$ blocks. First, he places $2n^2$ $1 \times 2$ blocks to fit a $2n \times 2n$ square as the bottom layer. Then he builds the top layer on top of the bottom layer using the remaining $2n^2$ $1 \times 2$ blocks. Note that the blocks in the bottom layer are connected to the blocks above it in the top layer, just like real Lego blocks. He wants the whole two-layered building to be connected and not in seperate pieces. Prove that if he can do so, then the four $1\times 2$ blocks connecting the four corners of the bottom layer, must be all placed horizontally or all vertically. Proposed by Ivan Chan Kai Chin

3

Let triangle $ABC$ with $AB<AC$ has orthocenter $H$, and let the midpoint of $BC$ be $M$. The internal angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ meet $CH$ at $X$, and the external angle bisector of $\angle BAC$ meet $BH$ at $Y$. The circles $(BHX)$ and $(CHY)$ meet again at $Z$. Prove that $\angle HZM=90^{\circ}$. Proposed by Ivan Chan Kai Chin

4

Let $k$ be a fixed integer. In the town of Ivanland, there are at least $k+1$ citizens standing on a plane such that the distances between any two citizens are distinct. An election is to be held such that every citizen votes the $k$-th closest citizen to be the president. What is the maximal number of votes a citizen can have? Proposed by Ivan Chan Kai Chin

5

Let $n\ge 3$, $d$ be positive integers. For an integer $x$, denote $r(x)$ be the remainder of $x$ when divided by $n$ such that $0\le r(x)\le n-1$. Let $c$ be a positive integer with $1<c<n$ and $\gcd(c,n)=1$, and suppose $a_1, \cdots, a_d$ are positive integers with $a_1+\cdots+a_d\le n-1$. (a) Prove that if $n<2d$, then $\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^d r(ca_i)\ge n.$ (b) For each $n$, find the smallest $d$ such that $\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^d r(ca_i)\ge n$ always holds. Proposed by Yeoh Zi Song & Anzo Teh Zhao Yang