2010 Saudi Arabia IMO TST

Day I

1

Let $A_1A_2...A_{2010}$ be a regular $2010$-gon. Find the number of obtuse triangles whose vertices are among $A_1$, $A_2$,$ ...$, $A_{2010}$.

2

Find all functions $f,g : N \to N$ such that for all $m ,n \in N$ the following relation holds: $$f(m ) - f(n) = (m - n)(g(m) + g(n))$$. Note: $N = \{0,1,2,...\}$

3

Consider a circle of center $O$ and a chord $AB$ of it (not a diameter). Take a point $T$ on the ray $OB$. The perpendicular at $T$ onto $OB$ meets the chord $AB$ at $C$ and the circle at $D$ and $E$. Denote by $S$ the orthogonal projection of $T$ onto the chord $AB$. Prove that $AS \cdot BC = T E \cdot TD$.

Day II

1

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle B \ge 2\angle C$. Denote by $D$ the foot of the altitude from $A$ and by $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Prove that $DM \ge \frac{AB}{2}$.

2

The squares $OABC$ and $OA_1B_1C_1$ are situated in the same plane and are directly oriented. Prove that the lines $AA_1$ , $BB_1$, and $CC_1$ are concurrent.

3

Let $f : N \to N$ be a strictly increasing function such that $f(f(n))= 3n$, for all $n \in N$. Find $f(2010)$. Note: $N = \{0,1,2,...\}$

Day III

1

Find all real numbers $x$ that can be written as $$x= \frac{a_0}{a_1a_2..a_n}+\frac{a_1}{a_2a_3..a_n}+\frac{a_2}{a_3a_4..a_n}+...+\frac{a_{n-2}}{a_{n-1}a_n}+\frac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}$$where $n, a_1,a_2,...,a_n$ are positive integers and $1 = a_0 \le a_1 <... < a_n$

2

Points $M$ and $N$ are considered in the interior of triangle $ABC$ such that $\angle MAB = \angle NAC$ and $\angle MBA = \angle NBC$. Prove that $$\frac{AM \cdot AN}{AB \cdot AC}+ \frac{BM\cdot BN}{BA \cdot BC}+ \frac{CM \cdot CN }{CA \cdot CB}=1$$

3

Consider the arithmetic sequence $8, 21,34,47,....$ a) Prove that this sequence contains infinitely many integers written only with digit $9$. b) How many such integers less than $2010^{2010}$ are in the se­quence?

Day IV

1

Find all pairs $(m,n)$ of integers, $m ,n \ge 2$ such that $mn - 1$ divides $n^3 - 1$.

2

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral such that $\angle ABC = \angle ADC =135^o$ and $$AC^2 BD^2=2AB\cdot BC \cdot CD\cdot DA.$$Prove that the diagonals of $ABCD$ are perpendicular.

3

Consider the sequence $a_1 = 3$ and $a_{n + 1} =\frac{3a_n^2+1}{2}-a_n$ for $n = 1 ,2 ,...$. Prove that if $n$ is a power of $3$ then $n$ divides $a_n$ .

Day V

1

In triangle $ABC$ the circumcircle has radius $R$ and center $O$ and the incircle has radius $r$ and center $I\ne O$ . Let $G$ denote the centroid of triangle $ABC$. Prove that $IG \perp BC$ if and only if $AB = AC$ or $AB + AC = 3BC$.

2

a) Prove that for each positive integer $n$ there is a unique positive integer $a_n$ such that $$(1 + \sqrt5)^n =\sqrt{a_n} + \sqrt{a_n+4^n} . $$b) Prove that $a_{2010}$ is divisible by $5\cdot 4^{2009}$ and find the quotient

3

Find all primes $p$ for which $p^2 - p + 1$ is a perfect cube.