Let $k,n,p$ be positive integers such that $p$ is a prime number, $k < 1000$ and $\sqrt{k} = n\sqrt{p}$. a) Prove that if the equation $\sqrt{k + 100x} = (n + x)\sqrt{p}$ has a non-zero integer solution, then $p$ is a divisor of $10$. b) Find the number of all non-negative solutions of the above equation.

Consider a $1 \times n$ rectangle and some tiles of size $1 \times 1$ of four different colours. The rectangle is tiled in such a way that no two neighboring square tiles have the same colour. a) Find the number of distinct symmetrical tilings. b) Find the number of tilings such that any consecutive square tiles have distinct colours.

Let $ABCD$ be a parallelogram of center $O$. Points $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of $BO$ and $CD$, respectively. Prove that if the triangles $ABC$ and $AMN$ are similar, then $ABCD$ is a square.

A square of side 1 is decomposed into 9 equal squares of sides 1/3 and the one in the center is painted in black. The remaining eight squares are analogously divided into nine squares each and the square in the center is painted in black. Prove that after 1000 steps the total area of black region exceeds 0.999[/b]

Find all positive integers $a, b,c,d$ such that $a + b + c + d - 3 = ab + cd$.

Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle such that $AB = AC$ and $\angle A = 20^o$. Let $M$ be the foot of the altitude from $C$ and let $N$ be a point on the side $AC$ such that $CN =\frac12 BC$. Determine the measure of the angle $AMN$.

Let $ABCD$ be a unit square. For any interior points $M,N$ such that the line $MN$ does not contain a vertex of the square, we denote by $s(M,N)$ the least area of the triangles having their vertices in the set of points $\{ A,B,C,D,M,N\}$. Find the least number $k$ such that $s(M,N)\le k$, for all points $M,N$. Dinu Șerbănescu

Let $n$ be an even positive integer and let $a, b$ be two relatively prime positive integers. Find $a$ and $b$ such that $a + b$ is a divisor of $a^n + b^n$.

The diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ meet at $O$. Let $m$ be the measure of the acute angle formed by these diagonals. A variable angle $xOy$ of measure $m$ intersects the quadrilateral by a convex quadrilateral of constant area. Prove that $ABCD$ is a square.

A given equilateral triangle of side $10$ is divided into $100$ equilateral triangles of side $1$ by drawing parallel lines to the sides of the original triangle. Find the number of equilateral triangles, having vertices in the intersection points of parallel lines whose sides lie on the parallel lines.

If $a, b, c$ are real numbers in the open interval $ (0,1)$ then prove the inequality $$\sqrt{abc}+\sqrt{\left( 1-a\right) \left( 1-b\right) \left( 1-c\right) }<1$$PSposted for the post collection

Let $a$ be an integer. Prove that for any real number $x, x^3 < 3$, both the numbers $\sqrt{3 -x^2}$ and $\sqrt{a - x^3}$ cannot be rational.

The last four digits of a perfect square are equal. Prove that all of them are zeros.

Let $C_1(O_1)$ and $ C_2(O_2)$ be two circles such that $C_1$ passes through $O_2$. Point $M$ lies on $C_1$ such that $M \notin O_1O_2$. The tangents from $M$ at $O_2$ meet again $C_1$ at $A$ and $B$. Prove that the tangents from $A$ and $B$ at $C_2$ - others than $MA$ and $MB$ - meet at a point located on $C_1$.

Five points are given in the plane that each of $10$ triangles they define has area greater than $2$. Prove that there exists a triangle of area greater than $3$.

Let $m,n > 1$ be integer numbers. Solve in positive integers $x^n+y^n = 2^m$.

We are given $n$ circles which have the same center. Two lines $D_1,D_2$ are concurent in $P$, a point inside all circles. The rays determined by $P$ on the line $D_i$ meet the circles in points $A_1,A_2,...,A_n$ and $A'_1, A'_2,..., A'_n$ respectively and the rays on $D_2$ meet the circles at points $B_1,B_2, ... ,B_n$ and $B'_2, B'_2 ..., B'_n$ (points with the same indices lie on the same circle). Prove that if the arcs $A_1B_1$ and $A_2B_2$ are equal then the arcs $A_iB_i$ and $A'_iB'_i$ are equal, for all $i = 1,2,... n$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $a = BC, b = CA$ and $c = AB$ be the lengths of its sides. Points $D$ and $E$ lie in the same halfplane determined by $BC$ as $A$. Suppose that $DB = c, CE = b$ and that the area of $DECB$ is maximal. Let $F$ be the midpoint of $DE$ and let $FB = x$. Prove that $FC = x$ and $4x^3 = (a^2+b^2 + c^2)x + abc$.

Let $p, q$ be two distinct primes. Prove that there are positive integers $a, b$ such that the arithmetic mean of all positive divisors of the number $n = p^aq^b$ is an integer.