2004 Estonia National Olympiad

grade 9

1

Find all pairs of real numbers $(x, y)$ that satisfy the equation $\frac{x + 6}{y}+\frac{13}{xy}=\frac{4-y}{x}$

2

The positive differences $a_i-a_j$ of five different positive integers $a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, a_5$ are all different (there are altogether $10$ such differences). Find the least possible value of the largest number among the $a_i$.

3

On the sides $AB , BC$ of the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ lie points $M$ and $N$ such that $AN$ and $CM$ each divide the quadrilateral $ABCD$ into two equal area parts. Prove that the line $MN$ and $AC$ are parallel.

4

Prove that the number $n^n-n$ is divisible by $24$ for any odd integer $n$.

5

Three different circles of equal radii intersect in point $Q$. The circle $C$ touches all of them. Prove that $Q$ is the center of $C$.

grade 10

1

Find all triples of positive integers $(x, y, z)$ satisfying $x < y < z$, $gcd(x, y) = 6, gcd(y, z) = 10, gcd(z, x) = 8$ and $lcm(x, y,z) = 2400$.

2

On side, $BC, AB$ of a parallelogram $ABCD$ lie points $M,N$ respectively such that $|AM| =|CN|$. Let $P$ be the intersection of $AM$ and $CN$. Prove that the angle bisector of $\angle APC$ passes through $D$.

3

The teacher had written on the board a positive integer consisting of a number of $4$s followed by the same number of $8$s followed . During the break, Juku stepped up to the board and added to the number one more $4$ at the start and a $9$ at the end. Prove that the resulting number is an a square. of an integer.

4

In the beginning, number $1$ has been written to point $(0,0)$ and $0$ has been written to any other point of integral coordinates. After every second, all numbers are replaced with the sum of the numbers in four neighbouring points at the previous second. Find the sum of numbers in all points of integral coordinates after $n$ seconds.

5

Real numbers $a, b$ and $c$ satisfy $$\begin{cases} a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 1 \\ a^3 + b^3 + c^3 = 1. \end{cases}$$Find $a + b + c$.

grade 11

1

Find all pairs of integers $(a, b)$ such that $a^2 + ab + b^2 = 1$

2

Draw a line passing through a point $M$ on the angle bisector of the angle $\angle AOB$, that intersects $OA$ and $OB$ at points $K$ and $L$ respectively. Prove that the valus of the sum $\frac{1}{|OK|}+\frac{1}{|OL|}$ does not depend on the choice of the straight line passing through $M$, i.e. is defined by the size of the angle AOB and the selection of the point $M$ only.

3

From $25$ points in a plane, both of whose coordinates are integers of the set $\{-2,-1, 0, 1, 2\}$, some $17$ points are marked. Prove that there are three points on one line, one of them is the midpoint of two others.

4

Find all functions $f$ which are defined on all non-negative real numbers, take nonnegative real values only, and satisfy the condition $x \cdot f(y) + y\cdot f(x) = f(x) \cdot f(y) \cdot (f(x) + f(y))$ for all non-negative real numbers $x, y$.

5

The alphabet of language $BAU$ consists of letters $B, A$, and $U$. Independently of the choice of the $BAU$ word of length n from which to start, one can construct all the $BAU$ words with length n using iteratively the following rules: (1) invert the order of the letters in the word; (2) replace two consecutive letters: $BA \to UU, AU \to BB, UB \to AA, UU \to BA, BB \to AU$ or $AA \to UB$. Given that $BBAUABAUUABAUUUABAUUUUABB$ is a $BAU$ word, does $BAU$ have a) the word $BUABUABUABUABAUBAUBAUBAUB$ ? b) the word $ABUABUABUABUAUBAUBAUBAUBA$ ?

grade 12

1

Inside a circle, point $K$ is taken such that the ray drawn from $K$ through the centre $O$ of the circle and the chord perpendicular to this ray passing through $K$ divide the circle into three pieces with equal area. Let $L$ be one of the endpoints of the chord mentioned. Does the inequality $\angle KOL < 75^o$ hold?

2

Albert and Brita play a game with a bar of $19$ adjacent squares. Initially, there is a button on the middle square of the bar. At every turn Albert mentions one positive integer less than $5$, and Brita moves button a number of squares in the direction of her choice - while doing so however, Brita must not move the button more than twice in one direction order. Prove that Albert can choose the numbers so that by the $19$th turn, Brita to be forced to move the button out of the bar.

3

Let $K, L, M$ be the feet of the altitudes drawn from the vertices $A, B, C$ of triangle $ABC$, respectively. Prove that $\overrightarrow{AK} + \overrightarrow{BL} + \overrightarrow{CM} = \overrightarrow{O}$ if and only if $ABC$ is equilateral.

4

Let $a, b, c$ be positive real numbers such that $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 3$. Prove that $$\frac{1}{1+2ab}+\frac{1}{1+2bc}+\frac{1}{1+2ca}\ge 1$$

5

Let $n$ and $c$ be coprime positive integers. For any integer $i$, denote by $i' $ the remainder of division of product $ci$ by $n$. Let $A_o.A_1,A_2,...,A_{n-1}$ be a regular $n$-gon. Prove that a) if $A_iA_j \parallel A_kA_i$ then $A_{i'}A_{j'} \parallel A_{k'}A_{i'}$ b) if $A_iA_j \perp A_kA_l$ then $A_{i'}A_{j'} \perp A_{k'}A_{l'}$