Let $p, q$ be two different odd prime numbers and $n$ an integer such that $pq$ divides $n^{pq} + 1$. Prove that if $p^3q^3$ divides $n^{pq} + 1$ then either $p^2$ divides $n + 1$ or $q^2$ divides $n + 1$. Malik Talbi
Source: 2015 Saudi Arabia GMO TST III p4
Tags: number theory, divides, divisible
Let $p, q$ be two different odd prime numbers and $n$ an integer such that $pq$ divides $n^{pq} + 1$. Prove that if $p^3q^3$ divides $n^{pq} + 1$ then either $p^2$ divides $n + 1$ or $q^2$ divides $n + 1$. Malik Talbi