Define a sequence $<x_n>$ by $x_0 = 0$ and $$\large x_n = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} x_{n-1} + \frac{3^r-1}{2} & if \,\,n = 3^{r-1}(3k + 1)\\ & \\ x_{n-1} - \frac{3^r+1}{2} & if \,\, n = 3^{r-1}(3k + 2)\\ \end{array} \right. $$where $k, r$ are integers. Prove that every integer occurs exactly once in the sequence.
Problem
Source: Indian Postal Coaching 2008 set 2 p1
Tags: Sequence, algebra, Integer, recurrence relation